Module B0_std.String

Strings.

Stdlib String

include module type of Stdlib.String
type t = string
val make : int -> char -> string
val init : int -> (int -> char) -> string
val of_bytes : bytes -> string
val to_bytes : string -> bytes
val length : string -> int
val get : string -> int -> char
val concat : string -> string list -> string
val cat : string -> string -> string
val equal : t -> t -> bool
val compare : t -> t -> int
val contains_from : string -> int -> char -> bool
val rcontains_from : string -> int -> char -> bool
val contains : string -> char -> bool
val sub : string -> int -> int -> string
val split_on_char : char -> string -> string list
val map : (char -> char) -> string -> string
val mapi : (int -> char -> char) -> string -> string
val fold_left : ('a -> char -> 'a) -> 'a -> string -> 'a
val fold_right : (char -> 'a -> 'a) -> string -> 'a -> 'a
val trim : string -> string
val escaped : string -> string
val uppercase_ascii : string -> string
val lowercase_ascii : string -> string
val capitalize_ascii : string -> string
val uncapitalize_ascii : string -> string
val iter : (char -> unit) -> string -> unit
val iteri : (int -> char -> unit) -> string -> unit
val index_from : string -> int -> char -> int
val index_from_opt : string -> int -> char -> int option
val rindex_from : string -> int -> char -> int
val rindex_from_opt : string -> int -> char -> int option
val index : string -> char -> int
val index_opt : string -> char -> int option
val rindex : string -> char -> int
val rindex_opt : string -> char -> int option
val to_seq : t -> char Stdlib.Seq.t
val to_seqi : t -> (int * char) Stdlib.Seq.t
val of_seq : char Stdlib.Seq.t -> t
val get_utf_8_uchar : t -> int -> Stdlib.Uchar.utf_decode
val is_valid_utf_8 : t -> bool
val get_utf_16be_uchar : t -> int -> Stdlib.Uchar.utf_decode
val is_valid_utf_16be : t -> bool
val get_utf_16le_uchar : t -> int -> Stdlib.Uchar.utf_decode
val is_valid_utf_16le : t -> bool
val create : int -> bytes
  • deprecated Use Bytes.create/BytesLabels.create instead.
val set : bytes -> int -> char -> unit
  • deprecated Use Bytes.set/BytesLabels.set instead.
val blit : string -> int -> bytes -> int -> int -> unit
val copy : string -> string
  • deprecated Strings now immutable: no need to copy
val fill : bytes -> int -> int -> char -> unit
  • deprecated Use Bytes.fill/BytesLabels.fill instead.
val uppercase : string -> string
  • deprecated Use String.uppercase_ascii/StringLabels.uppercase_ascii instead.
val lowercase : string -> string
  • deprecated Use String.lowercase_ascii/StringLabels.lowercase_ascii instead.
val capitalize : string -> string
  • deprecated Use String.capitalize_ascii/StringLabels.capitalize_ascii instead.
val uncapitalize : string -> string
  • deprecated Use String.uncapitalize_ascii/StringLabels.uncapitalize_ascii instead.
val get_uint8 : string -> int -> int
val get_int8 : string -> int -> int
val get_uint16_ne : string -> int -> int
val get_uint16_be : string -> int -> int
val get_uint16_le : string -> int -> int
val get_int16_ne : string -> int -> int
val get_int16_be : string -> int -> int
val get_int16_le : string -> int -> int
val get_int32_ne : string -> int -> int32
val get_int32_be : string -> int -> int32
val get_int32_le : string -> int -> int32
val get_int64_ne : string -> int -> int64
val get_int64_be : string -> int -> int64
val get_int64_le : string -> int -> int64
val unsafe_get : string -> int -> char
val unsafe_set : bytes -> int -> char -> unit
  • deprecated
val unsafe_blit : string -> int -> bytes -> int -> int -> unit
val unsafe_fill : bytes -> int -> int -> char -> unit
  • deprecated

Strings

val empty : string

empty is "".

val head : string -> char option

head s if Some s.[0] if s <> "" and None otherwise.

val of_char : char -> string

of_char c is c as a string.

Predicates

val is_empty : string -> bool

is_empty s is equal empty s.

val starts_with : prefix:string -> string -> bool

starts_with ~prefix s is true iff sub.[i] = s.[i] for all indices i of prefix.

Note. Available in 4.12.

val ends_with : suffix:string -> string -> bool

eds_with ~suffix s is true iff sub.[i] = s.[m - i] for all indices i of sufix and with m = String.length s - 1.

Note. Available in 4.12.

val includes : affix:string -> string -> bool

includes ~affix s is true iff there exists an index j such that for all indices i of affix, sub.[i] = s.[j+ 1].

val for_all : (char -> bool) -> string -> bool

for_all p s is true iff for all indices i of s, p s.[i] = true.

val exists : (char -> bool) -> string -> bool

exists p s is true iff there exists an index i of s with p s.[i] = true.

Finding and replacing substrings

val find_sub : ?start:int -> sub:string -> string -> int option

find_sub ~start ~sub s is the start index (if any) of the first occurence of sub in s at or after start.

val rfind_sub : ?start:int -> sub:string -> string -> int option

rfind_sub ~start ~sub s is the start index (if any) of the first occurence of sub in s before or at start (defaults to String.length s - 1).

val replace_all : sub:string -> by:string -> string -> string

replace_all ~sub ~by s replaces all non-overlapping occurences of sub in s by by.

Extracting substrings

val subrange : ?first:int -> ?last:int -> string -> string

subrange ~first ~last s are the consecutive bytes of s whose indices exist in the range [first;last].

first defaults to 0 and last to String.length s - 1.

Note that both first and last can be any integer. If first > last the interval is empty and the empty string is returned.

Breaking

Breaking with magnitudes

val take_left : int -> string -> string

take_left n s are the first n bytes of s. This is s if n >= length s and "" if n <= 0.

val take_right : int -> string -> string

take_right n s are the last n bytes of s. This is s if n >= length s and "" if n <= 0.

val drop_left : int -> string -> string

drop_left n s is s without the first n bytes of s. This is "" if n >= length s and s if n <= 0.

val drop_right : int -> string -> string

drop_right n s is s without the last n bytes of s. This is "" if n >= length s and s if n <= 0.

val break_left : int -> string -> string * string

break_left n v is (take_left n v, drop_left n v).

val break_right : int -> string -> string * string

break_right n v is (drop_left n v, take_right n v).

Breaking with predicates

val keep_left : (char -> bool) -> string -> string

keep_left sat s are the first consecutive sat statisfying bytes of s.

val keep_right : (char -> bool) -> string -> string

keep_right sat s are the last consecutive sat satisfying bytes of s.

val lose_left : (char -> bool) -> string -> string

lose_left sat s is s without the first consecutive sat satisfying bytes of s.

val lose_right : (char -> bool) -> string -> string

lose_right sat s is s without the last consecutive sat satisfying bytes of s.

val span_left : (char -> bool) -> string -> string * string

span_left sat s is (keep_left sat s, lose_left sat s).

val span_right : (char -> bool) -> string -> string * string

span_right sat s is (lose_right sat s, keep_right sat s).

Breaking with separators

val cut_left : sep:string -> string -> (string * string) option

cut ~sep s is either the pair Some (l,r) of the two (possibly empty) substrings of s that are delimited by the first match of the separator character sep or None if sep can't be matched in s. Matching starts from the left of s.

The invariant l ^ sep ^ r = s holds.

  • raises Invalid_argument

    if sep is the empty string.

val cut_right : sep:string -> string -> (string * string) option

cut_right ~sep s is like cut_left but matching starts on the right of s.

val cuts_left : ?drop_empty:bool -> sep:string -> string -> string list

cuts_left sep s is the list of all substrings of s that are delimited by matches of the non empty separator string sep. Empty substrings are omitted in the list if drop_empty is true (defaults to false).

Matching separators in s starts from the left of s (rev is false, default) or the end (rev is true). Once one is found, the separator is skipped and matching starts again, that is separator matches can't overlap. If there is no separator match in s, the list [s] is returned.

The following invariants hold:

  • concat ~sep (cuts ~drop_empty:false ~sep s) = s
  • cuts ~drop_empty:false ~sep s <> []
  • raises Invalid_argument

    if sep is the empty string.

val cuts_right : ?drop_empty:bool -> sep:string -> string -> string list

cuts_right sep s is like cuts_left but matching starts on the right of s.

Breaking lines

val fold_ascii_lines : strip_newlines:bool -> (int -> 'a -> string -> 'a) -> 'a -> string -> 'a

fold_ascii_lines ~strip_newlines f acc s folds over the lines of s by calling f linenum acc' line with linenum the one-based line number count, acc' the result of accumulating acc with f so far and line the data of the line (without the newline found in the data if strip_newlines is true).

Lines are delimited by newline sequences which are either one of "\n", "\r\n" or "\r". More precisely the function determines lines and line data as follows:

  • If s = "", the function considers there are no lines in s and acc is returned without f being called.
  • If s <> "", s is repeteadly split on the first newline sequences "\n", "\r\n" or "\r" into (left, newline, right), left (or left ^ newline when strip_newlines = false) is given to f and the process is repeated with right until a split can no longer be found. At that point this final string is given to f and the process stops.
val detach_ascii_newline : string -> string * string

detach_ascii_newline s is (data, endline) with:

  • endline either the suffix "\n", "\r\n" or "\r" of s or "" if s has no such suffix.
  • data the bytes before endline such that data ^ newline = s

Tokenize

val tokens : ?is_sep:(char -> bool) -> string -> string list

tokens s are the strings separated by sequences of is_sep characters (default to Char.Ascii.is_white). The empty list is returned if s is empty or made only of separators.

Formatting

val pp : string Fmt.t

pp ppf s prints s's bytes on ppf.

val pp_dump : string Fmt.t

pp_dump ppf s prints s as a syntactically valid OCaml string on ppf.

Uniqueness

val distinct : string list -> string list

distinct ss is ss without duplicates, the list order is preserved.

val unique : ?limit:int -> exists:(string -> bool) -> string -> string

unique ~exist n is n if exists n is false or r = strf "%s~%d" n d with d the smallest integer such that exists r if false. If no d in [1;1e9] satisfies the condition Invalid_argument is raised, limit defaults to 1e9.

Suggesting

val edit_distance : string -> string -> int

edit_distance s0 s1 is the number of single character edits (insertion, deletion, substitution) that are needed to change s0 into s1.

val suggest : ?dist:int -> string list -> string -> string list

suggest ~dist candidates s are the elements of candidates whose edit distance is the smallest to s and at most at a distance of dist of s (defaults to 2). If multiple results are returned the order of candidates is preserved.

(Un)escaping bytes

The following functions can only (un)escape a single byte. See also these functions to convert a string to printable US-ASCII characters.

val byte_escaper : (char -> int) -> (bytes -> int -> char -> int) -> string -> string

byte_escaper char_len set_char is a byte escaper such that:

  • char_len c is the length of the unescaped byte c in the escaped form. If 1 is returned then c is assumed to be unchanged use byte_replacer if that does not hold
  • set_char b i c sets an unescaped byte c to its escaped form at index i in b and returns the next writable index. set_char is called regardless if c needs to be escaped or not in the latter case you must write c (use byte_replacer if that is not the case). No bounds check need to be performed on i or the returned value.

For any b, c and i the invariant i + char_len c = set_char b i c must hold.

Here's a small example that escapes '"' by prefixing them by backslashes. double quotes from strings:

let escape_dquotes s =
  let char_len = function '"' -> 2 | _ -> 1 in
  let set_char b i = function
  | '"' -> Bytes.set b i '\\'; Bytes.set b (i+1) '"'; i + 2
  | c -> Bytes.set b i c; i + 1
  in
  String.byte_escaper char_len set_char s
val byte_replacer : (char -> int) -> (bytes -> int -> char -> int) -> string -> string

byte_replacer char_len set_char is like byte_escaper but a byte can be substituted by another one by set_char.

exception Illegal_escape of int

See byte_unescaper.

val byte_unescaper : (string -> int -> int) -> (bytes -> int -> string -> int -> int) -> string -> (string, int) Stdlib.result

byte_unescaper char_len_at set_char is a byte unescaper such that:

  • char_len_at s i is the length of an escaped byte at index i of s. If 1 is returned then the byte is assumed to be unchanged by the unescape, use byte_unreplacer if that does not hold.
  • set_char b k s i sets at index k in b the unescaped byte read at index i in s and returns the next readable index in s. set_char is called regardless of wheter the byte at i must be unescaped or not in the latter case you must write s.i only (use byte_unreplacer if that is not the case). No bounds check need to be performed on k, i or the returned value.

For any b, s, k and i the invariant i + char_len_at s i = set_char b k s i must hold.

Both char_len_at and set_char may raise Illegal_escape i if the given index i has an illegal or truncated escape. The unescaper turns this exception into Error i if that happens.

val byte_unreplacer : (string -> int -> int) -> (bytes -> int -> string -> int -> int) -> string -> (string, int) Stdlib.result

byte_unreplacer char_len_at set_char is like byte_unescaper except set_char can set a different byte whenever char_len_at returns 1.

US-ASCII strings

module Ascii : sig ... end

US-ASCII string support.

Version strings

type version = int * int * int * string option

The type for version strings. Major, minor, patch and additional info.

val to_version : string -> version option

to_version parses version strings of the form:

"[v|V]major.minor[.patchlevel

(+|~)additional-info]"

into (major, minor, patch, (+|~)additional_info) tuples. If no patchlevel is found 0 is used.

val of_version : version -> string

of_version v is "major.minor.patchlevel[(+|~)additional-info]"

val drop_initial_v : string -> string

drop_initial_v s drops a leading 'v' or 'V' from s.

val pp_version : version Fmt.t

pp_version formats a version.

val pp_version_str : string Fmt.t

pp_version_str formats a version string.

Ad-hoc data extraction

val commonmark_first_section : preamble:bool -> string -> (string * string) option

first_section src is Some (title, content) where title is the content of the first CommonMark header found in CommonMark source src and content everything that follows until the next header (preamble is true) or next header of the same of smaller level (preamble is false). Trailing blank lines are discarded.

Warning. This function may break on valid CommonMark inputs in all sorts of fashion.

Sets and maps

module Set : sig ... end

String sets.

module Map : sig ... end

String maps.

Variable substitution

val subst_pct_vars : ?buf:Stdlib.Buffer.t -> (string -> string option) -> string -> string

subst_pct_vars ~buf vars s substitutes in s sub-strings of the form %%VAR%% by the value of vars "VAR" (if any).